商业模式的发展趋势和它对运作模式的影响

The Development Trend of Business Model and Its Impact Operating Model

商业模式已经在各行各业中得到广泛应用，它们无非涉及的是如何将产品和服务递交给终端用户，最终实现预期的利润率。在这个过程中，根据不同的行业、业务性质和企业规模，商业模式涉及到价值链、营销和定价策略的设计。

Business models have been widely used in various industries，which are primarily focused on how to deliver goods and service to end users, so as to realise expected profitability. In the process, contingent on the type of industry, nature of business and size of the enterprise, business modeling involves the design of value chain, marketing and pricing strategies.
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* v, e! Y1 v4 X2 B) ~ 传统的商业模式，是由工厂设计、研发和制造产品或者提供服务方案，然后通过一个或者多个中间商业伙伴或者代理机构，到达终端用户。随着信息技术、互联网以及移动设备的广泛应用和不断升级，传统的商业模式正受到新兴科技的挑战，因为后者通常在效率和便捷方面占有明显优势 比如 用户参与产品设计和定价。新的商业模式对企业的运作模式产生也连带影响 比如 组织操作流程的改进。

Conventional business models starts from the design, R&D and manufacturing of products or the provision of service, which passes through one or business partners or intermediaries before their reaching end users. Along with the ubiquitous application and upgrade of information technology, internet+ and mobile devices and infrastructure, conventional business models face the challenge of emerging technologies, as the latter often have significant advantage regarding efficiency and convenience, for example, users’ participation in product design and pricing. New business models will also have impact on operating models, such as organisational operating procedures.

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顺应日趋激烈的市场竞争，如今许多制造商和百货商场也将经营渠道转移到网络平台，这样既减少中间环节成本和周转时间，又提升供求对接的效率。然而企业很多时候要定制自己的商业模式，同时应用多种多样的模式来满足不同市场分割的需求。例如，在规模达到一定程度的时候，商家可以选择批发和零售同时开展的模式。这样，也能在一定程度上提升产品周转和现金流动性，减少因存货和资金链带来的风险，特别是食品行业。
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With increasing market competition, nowadays more and more manufacturers and departmental stores are relocating their channels onto internet, which not only cuts down on intermediary stages in the value chain and associated cost and turnaround time, but also boosts the efficiency of supply and demand matching. However, most of the time, enterprises should customise their own business model while deploying a variety of models, to cater for the requirement of different market segments. For example, when businesses reach a certain level of scale, they may choose to have both wholesale and retail channels instead of only one of them. This way, to a certain extent, enhances the turnover of product and the liquidity of cash flow, reduces risk resulting from outdated inventory and prolonged cash cycle, especially the food industry.
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/ j0 p7 ^: }( q2 t 商业模式将随着新兴科技的发展而不断演变，比如 人工智能和区块链。它们将在不久的未来对商业模式带来根本的冲击，因为新的技术平台和生产要素正逐渐取代劳动力和机器设备。
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Business models will continue to evolve with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and block chain. They are expected to have a fundamental effect on business models, because new technological platforms and production factors are gradually replacing labour and machinery.
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